|
The Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden or Jardim Botânico is located at the Jardim Botânico district in the "Zona Sul" (South Zone) of Rio de Janeiro. The Botanical Garden shows the diversity of Brazilian and foreign flora. There are around 6,500 species (some endangered) distributed throughout an area of 54 hectares, and there are numerous greenhouses. The garden also houses monuments of historical, artistic and archaeological significance. There is an important research center, which includes the most complete library in the country specializing in botany with over 32,000 volumes. It was founded in 1808 by King John VI of Portugal. Originally intended for the acclimatisation of spices like nutmeg, pepper and cinnamon imported from the West Indies, the garden was opened to the public in 1822, and is now open during daylight hours every day except 25 December and 1 January. The 140-hectare park lies at the foot of the Corcovado Mountain, far below the right arm of the statue of Christ the Redeemer and contains more than 6,000 different species of tropical and subtropical plants and trees, including 900 varieties of palm trees. A 750 m line of 134 palms forms the Avenue of Royal Palms leading from the entrance into the gardens. These palms all descended from a single tree, the Palma Mater, long since destroyed by lightning. Only about 40% of the park is cultivated, the remainder being Atlantic Forest rising up the slopes of Corcovado. The park is protected by the Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional and was designated as a biosphere reserve by UNESCO in 1992. The Botanical Garden has an important research institute, which develops a wide range of botanical studies in Brazil. The institute has taxonomists who specialize in the identification and conservation of the neotropical flora. The gardens house collections that include bromeliads, orchids, carnivorous plants, and cacti. These include Brazil’s largest botanical library and collections of dried fruits, rare Brazilian plants, and many photographs. The painted cast-iron Fountain of the Muses was made in Derby, UK, and until 1895 was sited at Henrique Lage's villa at Largo da Lapa, as part of the landscaping by the English painter John Tydall.〔''Michelin Travel Guide Rio de Janeiro'' 2009:177; Illustration.〕 The park contains 140 species of birds, many of which have become accustomed to humans and are consequently much easier to observe than in the wild. These include the channel-billed toucan, rusty-margined guan, slaty-breasted wood rail and the endangered endemic white-necked hawk. capuchin monkeys and tufted-eared marmosets are also frequently seen in the Botanical Gardens. Features of interest include an old gunpowder factory, the Victoria lilies in the Lago Frei Leandro pond, the Japanese Garden, and many sculptures and fountains. ==Gallery== File:Bertichem 1856 jardim botanico rio janeiro.jpg|The Botanical Garden in 1856 File:Botanical garden rio bell.jpg|William Bell's stereograph taken on the 1882 transit of Venus expedition. File:Albert Einstein em visita ao Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro.jpg|Albert Einstein visiting the Botanical Garden, May 1925. File:RioBotanicalGarden-VisitorCentre1.jpg|Visitor Center File:JdBotanico3-CCBY.jpg|Fountain of the Muses and the avenue of royal palms. File:ChristBotanicalView.JPG|Christ the Redeemer from the garden during the winter. File:Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro Vitória-Régia I.jpg|Victoria lilies File:JBRJ Jardim Sensorial 01.jpg|Sensory Garden File:JBRJ Cactário.jpg|Cactus garden File:JBRJ Vista do Corcovado.jpg|Corcovado Mountain, with Christ the Redeemer, seen from the Botanical Garden. File:JBRJ Cômoro Frei Leandro 02.jpg|Frei Leandro do Sacramento Memorial File:BotanicalGarden-FreiLeandro.jpg|Bust of Frei Leandro at memorial, 1st director of the Botanical Garden. File:JBRJ Busto de Dom João VI.jpg|Bust of King John VI, the founder of the Botanical Garden File:JBRJ Gruta Karl Glasl.jpg|Karl Glasl Cave File:Jardim Botânico - Lago do Pescador.jpg|Amazon Region - Fisherman's Lake File:JBRJ Relógio de Sol Equatorial.jpg|Equatorial Sundial File:JBRJ Ponte do Jardim Japonês.jpg|Japanese garden File:JBRJ Prédio 01.jpg|Administrative building File:JBRJ - Caminhos 02.jpg|Paths File:Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro.jpg|Garden path and park bench. File:JBRJ - Bromeliário 02.jpg|Bromeliads 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|
